About as organic agriculture

 Introduction-

Organic agriculture is one among the broad spectrum of production methods that

are supportive of the environment. Agriculture remains the key sector for the economic

development for most developing countries. It is critically important for ensuring

food security, alleviating poverty and conserving the vital natural resources that the

world’s present and future generations will be entirely dependent upon for their

survival and well-being. The world populations will inevitably double by the middle

of the twenty-first century, that we are soon to enter, that is in the space of just two

generations. Over 90% of the developing nations, especially in Asia and to an ever

greater extent will be in the urban areas which follow up the green revolution strategy

(Rothschild 1998).

Green revolution technologies such as greater use of synthetic agro chemicals

like fertilizers and pesticides, adoption of nutrient responsive, high-yielding varieties

of crops, greater exploitation of irrigation potentials etc. has boosted the production

output in most of cases. Without proper choice and continues use of these high

energy inputs is leading to decline in production and productivity of various crops

as well as deterioration of soil health and environments. The most unfortunate

impact on Green Revaluation Technology (GRT) not only on Indian Agriculture but

also the whole world is as follows:

1.Change in soil reaction.

2. Development of nutrient imbalance/deficiencies

3. Damage the soil flora and fauna

4. Reduce the earth worm activity

5. Reduction in soil humus/organic matter

6.Change in atmospheric composition

7. Reduction in productivity

8. Reduction in quality of the produce

9. Destruction of soil structure, aeration and water holding capacity

All these problems of GRT lead to not only reduction in productivity but also

deterioration of soil health as well as natural eco-system. Moreover, today the

rural economy is now facing a challenge of over dependence on synthetic inputs

and day by day it changes in price of these inputs. further world agriculture will 

face the market competition due to globalization of trade as per World Trade

Organization (WTO). Thus apart from quantity, quality will be the important

factor. Such as Agriculture gave birth to various new concepts of farming such as

organic farming, natural farming, bio-dynamic Agriculture, do-nothing agriculture,

eco-farming etc.

The essential concept of the practices is “Give back to nature”, where the phioloso-

phy is to feed the soil rather them the crop to maintain the soil health. Therefore, for

sustaining healthy ecosystem, there is need for adoption of an alternatives farming system like organic farming.

2) The Features of Organic Farming-

Organic farming gives importance to environmental protection and helps to sustain ecological issues such as soil conservation . farmers who undertake organic farming practice crop rotation to enrich the soil with natural mineral resources. Organic

farmers have to follow the norms set by the local organic farming associations and

they are not allowed to cultivate genetically modified (GM) crops (Alistair 2007;

(ASLBERGER2010). The minerals for the crop known as crop nutrients are given using

insoluble nutrient sources through soil microorganisms that increase nitrogen levels in the soil .For instance , alternating legumes with the main crop would increase 

 control fleas or parasite problems. Instead, these problems are controlled by moving

the animals to new pastures and by using home remedies to control the plant and

animal pests. Organic gardening, including vegetable gardening, is also a part of

organic farming. Many flower and vegetable gardens are using composite manure for their flowering plants and shrubs , instead of chemical fertilizers.

.

The basic concepts behind organic farming are:

1. It concentrates on building up the biological fertility of the soil so that the crops

take the nutrients they need from steady turnover within the soil nutrients pro-

duced in this way and are released in harmony with the need of the plants.

2.Control of pests, diseases and weeds is achieved largely by the development of

an ecological balance within the system and by the use of bio-pesticides and vari-

ous cultural techniques such as crop rotation, mixed cropping and cultivation.

3. Organic farmers recycle all wastes and manures within a farm, but the export of

the products from the farm results in a steady drain of nutrients.

4. Enhancement of the environment in such a way that wild life flourishes.

In a situation where conservation of energy and resources is considered to be

important community or country would make every effort to recycles to all urban

and industrial wastes back to agriculture and thus the system would be requiring

only a small inputs of new resources to “Top Up” soil fertility (Table 1).

India represents only 0.03% area (43,000 ha) out of total cultivated (143 million )